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View Full Version : Are old houses doomed? The conflict between historic preservation & energy efficiency


SLS-Construction
March 29th, 2010, 01:19 PM
Pretty interesting read

By George Musser (http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/solar-at-home/index.cfm?author=109) @ Scientific American (http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=are-old-houses-doomed-the-conflict-2010-03-26) (owns an older Victorian Home)

My wife and I always wanted an old house. McMansions leave us cold -- although, after all the time, money, and sweat we've poured into our place, I'm beginning to see their attraction. Our efforts last year reduced air leakage by just over 10 percent (http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=finding-more-ways-to-conserve-energ-2009-05-04), which was deflatingly meager. After more weatherizing, the house is comfier, with fewer drafts, a more uniform temperature, and a slower cooling-off rate in winter. But I still dread the day of the month when we get our heating bill.

Even our energy auditor (http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=before-we-began-a-home-energy-audit-2009-03-02) says he's running out of ideas for easyish steps we could take. Upgrading appliances is hard to justify economically (http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=how-to-become-more-energy-efficient-2009-04-29). Air-sealing the house to modern standards would mean ripping off the siding and wrapping the house from the outside. Replacing the gas boiler and steam radiators with a geothermal heat pump and forced air would run $68,800, of which state subsidies would cover about half. That estimate was the funniest thing I'd heard all day. And the sticker price wasn't the real shock. Rather, it was the fact that the system would lower our heating bill by only about a third.

Newer construction can give you a factor of 10 (http://www.passivhaus.org.uk/) since it's easier to fit than retrofit. In our September 2005 issue (http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=more-profit-with-less-car), energy conservation pioneer Amory Lovins described his own house in Colorado. It is so superinsulated that it never needed central heat. In December I visited 41 Cooper Square (http://www.cooper.edu/cubuilds/), a LEED-certified (http://www.usgbc.org/leed) classroom and laboratory building at Cooper Union, and was astounded by the sheer number of green features and design principles (http://www.greenbuildingsnyc.com/blog/david/cooper-unions-41-cooper-square-laboratory-is-mean-green-and-demands-to-be-seen) that are simply impossible to incorporate in any building after the fact.

In an essay (http://www.finehomebuilding.com//item/6812/taking-issue-energy-upgrades-threaten-older-homes) last year, preservationist Sally Zimmerman of Historic New England argued that the demands of energy conservation threaten old houses. She cited one retrofit near Boston (http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2009/01/29/green_makeover_home_edition) that cost $100,000. It had to be done with extreme care since old houses were designed to breathe, and reducing their air circulation can cause moisture buildup and mold growth. The homeowner has a fascinating blog (http://superinsulating.blogspot.com) that makes you realize how intimidating the endeavor is. Zimmerman wrote: "Perhaps the most likely outcome of a large-scale push toward deep-energy retrofits of older, less well-maintained homes is an increase in whole-house teardowns as owners and developers weigh the costs of new construction against these modifications."

I asked Lovins whether my house is hopeless and he reassured me it isn't. Having worked with him in the past, I know he's not a man to sugarcoat things, so if he says my house is salvageable, I tend to believe him in spite of my worries otherwise. In general, he says it should be feasible to cut an old house's energy use by a factor of two to four. His group, Rocky Mountain Institute, helped to retrofit a building for which historic preservation was paramount: 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue (http://www.rmi.org/rmi/Library/D94-09_GreeningTheWhiteHouse). True, cost wasn't much of an object. But Lovins says that new technologies and techniques are coming within everyone's reach. For instance, Serious Materials (http://www.seriousmaterials.com) is working on an adaptive window glazing whose infrared emissivity would vary with temperature -- keeping in heat during the winter, keeping it out during the summer.

For the rest of the article - Scientific American (http://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/post.cfm?id=are-old-houses-doomed-the-conflict-2010-03-26)

neolitic
March 29th, 2010, 02:33 PM
Funny thing, that house at
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue in reality
isn't as old as I am.
I can actually remember newsreels
at the movies when Truman had it
completely gutted.
The only thing old about it are parts
of the exterior walls.

Bodger
March 29th, 2010, 03:41 PM
Funny thing, that house at
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue in reality
isn't as old as I am.
I can actually remember newsreels
at the movies when Truman had it
completely gutted.
The only thing old about it are parts
of the exterior walls.


And parts of the foundation that were in fact, built by slaves.

JasonW
March 29th, 2010, 05:49 PM
That's a good article and those are perfect examples of what we try to do in Preservation work. It takes a good amount of thinking things through before you should get started and the Author seems to touch base on that as well.

I'll speak as a home owner now and tell you that I made some mistakes with my home because my biggest concern was with energy efficiency and that equals economic efficiency.

When we bought our house, the interior plaster was a mess and it was obvious it had to be torn down. Along with that, I think we had about 4 outlets in the 1450 sf house and the old (thin) extension cords were left behind and draped across the ceilings and walls.

We gutted the place and put insulation in the outside walls, new electric, and some fancy new plumbing (The house had 1 toilet and 2 sinks).

It all sounds good so far, but in my haste, I disposed of all the doors and windows that came with it. I just wanted the crap out of my way and for $50 I could get a door at any lumber yard. The windows were replaced with vinyl replacements instead of restoring the old ones. I honestly thought that replacements would be more efficient than fixing the old ones, but I'm reading more that says it's not that much of a difference.

Thinking back, I wish I could have had more time to make the right decisions and preserve this 1902 Vermont home, but the need to get the place livable superseded everything else.

I don't think the old houses will get left behind at all, but they sure do take the right type of owner and contractor to help with planning and budgets. All of the registered historic sites I've ever worked at had an Architect doing the planing way ahead of me showing up and for the most part they went smoothly. Older homes that are outside of Historic districts have a little more wiggle room (mine being the worst case scenario).